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The Connecticut River Conservancy restores and advocates for clean water, healthy habitats, and resilient communities to support a diverse and thriving watershed. Water Chestnut Water chestnut (Trapa natans) is an invasive, non-native aquatic plant that is spreading throughout New England and the Connecticut River watershed. Rooted in shallow waterbodies such as lakes, ponds and coves, water chestnut can take over the surface if left unchecked. These annual plants reproduce by seeds before dying off in the winter. Seeds drop in August and September, and can lie dormant but viable for up to 12 years. Pulling water chestnut by kayak or canoe before the plants produce seeds is the most efficient control method, and a great way to engage by volunteering! 2025 events are listed on our volunteer registration site in the spring/summer! You can also sign up for email updates to be notified when new volunteer opportunities are added. Read On, or Click Below to Jump to a Specific Section What does water chestnut look like? Why is water chestnut such a problem? Water chestnut infestation interactive map If it's not native, how did water chestnut get here? How does water chestnut reproduce? How does water chestnut spread? Water chestnut removal video Water chestnut management with volunteers What does water chestnut look like? Water chestnuts plant their roots at the bottom of the river, while their leaves float on the water surface. They have rosettes of leaves that float on the water's surface that appear to be radiating from a central point. The leaves are triangular or slightly diamond shaped, toothed on two sides and connected to the stem by a long, flexible submerged stalk. Submerged leaves are feathery. The stem can grow up to 4.6m long, allowing them to colonize a wide range of freshwater habitats — from shallows to deep waters. Plants typically bloom in July. The tiny, white, four-petaled flowers produce characteristic horned seeds. In lightly infested areas you might find a single rosette or plant floating on the water. In heavily infested areas water chestnut forms dense floating mats, covering the surface of the waterbody. Why is water chestnut such a problem? To aquatic plants and animals: Water chestnut is a problem because it takes up space and nutrients. It can crowd out native plants that are food sources for native animals. Not only do they take over our waterways by out-competing other emergent and floating vegetation, but their colonization also negatively impacts the function of the entire aquatic ecosystem. They proliferate profusely on the surface of freshwater. The densely-layered floating mats they form — often as thick as three layers — limit light penetration through the vertical water column. As water chestnut decomposes, it decreases dissolved oxygen that fish and other aquatic life need to survive. To humans: Water chestnut infestations also impede fishing, hunting, swimming, and boating as the rosettes cover entire bodies of water with plants up to sixteen feet deep in some extreme cases. They congest streams, block boats, and kill fish. The spiny seeds can cause injury. Management of out-of-control infestations is costly and requires incredible coordination. Water Chestnut Infestations Interactive Map This map shows all reported water chestnut (aka Trapa natans ) infestations within the Connecticut River Watershed. This map is continuously updated as stewards, monitors, and the other river users report new infestations and report on the status of existing ones. Water chestnut infestations have been reported in the four primary states within the watershed – NH, VT, MA & CT. If it's not native, how did it get here? European water chestnut has not always lived in the United States. The water chestnut is a resident of the Old World, native to Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, Western Europe, and Western Africa. In 1877, the species Trapa natans was introduced to the United States from Europe (as suggested by its name) at the Cambridge Botanical Garden at Harvard University (Sculthorpe, 1967; Oliver, 1871; Voroshilov, 1982). It was planted in Collins Lake, MA and other ponds in Massachusetts. In 1879 the plant escaped the cultivated areas and started growing in the Charles River. Since then it has continued to spread all along the east coast as far south as Virginia and Kentucky, as far north as Quebec, invading the Hudson River and, of course, the Connecticut River. Without removal it has the capacity to spread farther. How does water chestnut reproduce? Each plant produces at least one flower annually. These flowers begin to form nut-like fruits in mid-July. Seeds ripen about a month later and start to drop in early-mid August. The seeds, known as water caltrop, are four-horned nut-like structures that develop on the underside of the floating rosette. One seed can produce up to 15 floating rosettes, each rosette producing up to 20 more seeds. Seeds remain viable for up to 12 years! It is important to remove water chestnuts before the seeds mature and drop to the floor of the water body. Though most seeds germinate within the first few years after being dropped, they can be viable for twelve years. A single plant left behind can drop over 20 seeds, restarting a long 12 year cycle of removing and monitoring. If we can prevent plants from dropping new seeds, an infestation can be successfully eliminated. How does water chestnut spread? Seeds can drop directly into the sediment beneath the parent plant or they can hitch rides to new locations. Water chestnuts’ spikes allow them to stick to birds or other wildlife and end up in a new location. Plants can also get caught on boats or other recreation gear allowing them to get carried up/down-stream or to new water bodies. Water Chestnut Removal in the Connecticut River Watershed Water Chestnut Management To play, press and hold the enter key. To stop, release the enter key. Fortunately, it is easily identifiable and smaller infestations can be managed with trained volunteers hand-pulling the plant. The key to keeping water chestnut from invading new areas is to remove plants before they have a chance to go to seed. Control requires vigilant patrolling and harvesting for many years to ensure a water body is saved. Infested sites should be monitored and controlled every few years to fully remove the invasive species. Most removal is completed by volunteers manually through a series of pulls. Volunteers pull the plants by hand, often depositing the pulled plants into baskets or boats that are brought to shore. Water chestnut can be composted away from the water body. Mechanical harvesters are efficient for removing large infestations of water chestnut. They can remove lots of plants from the surface. However, this method can be quite expensive. It cost the state of Vermont approximately $500,000 to remove water chestnut in 2000. Compared to hand removal, which usually involves many volunteers and few expenses, this method is more expensive but less time consuming. Volunteer to Remove Water Chestnut! Citizens like you help remove these invasive species from our waterways! Volunteers that frequently scout for and remove the invasive plants are the major contributors to preventing heavy infestations. CRC, partners, and other stewards of our rivers collaborate to organize many water chestnut removal events. These community events have been very successful at removing large swaths of water chestnut. In the summer of 2023, 145 volunteers and partners removed 43,000lbs of water chestnuts! You can learn how to identify and report water chestnut as well as when it is appropriate to pull the plants, how to properly pull them, and how to properly dispose of the pulled plants. If you're interested in volunteering visit our volunteer registration site , or sign up for email updates to be notified. For questions related to CRC’s water chestnut program, request a presentation from one of our staff, or to connect about volunteering, contact us at volunteer@ctriver.org or 413.772.2020 207.

The Connecticut River Conservancy restores and advocates for clean water, healthy habitats, and resilient communities to support a diverse and thriving watershed. About Our Mission & Values The Connecticut River Conservancy (CRC) restores and advocates for clean water, healthy habitats, and resilient communities to support a diverse and thriving watershed. Through collaborative partnerships in New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, CRC leads and supports science-based efforts for natural and life-filled rivers from source to sea. Below are the areas of interconnected impact we are focused on. River Restoration Dam Removal Invasive Species Migratory Fish Advocacy Hydropower Recreation Access Water Quality Monitoring Community Engagement The Connecticut River watershed is a public trust resource that invites dedicated people and integrated solutions to come together. Connecticut River Conservancy staff. Meet the team here. Our Values Inclusion We know that we are at our best when engaging with, and learning from, a diverse range of individuals and communities. We strive to cultivate diversity by seeking, welcoming, and valuing all perspectives, voices, styles, and identities, with special attention to the structural power dynamics that have disenfranchised certain peoples and communities. Collaboration By listening, learning, and developing relationships, we build partnerships at all levels, creating opportunities and resources throughout the watershed and with the communities who sustain and are sustained by our rivers. Resilience Achieving our goals is a long-term endeavor requiring a healthy organization, meaningful programs, and a spirit of persistence. We face opportunities and challenges with optimism and creativity. Stewardship We embrace our shared responsibility for the watershed and all that lives in it. We work to hold ourselves and others accountable to reduce and repair environmental harm. Support Connecticut River Conservancy Today Your contribution will make a lasting impact for clean water, healthy habitats, and resilient communities in the Connecticut River watershed. Donate

Connecticut River Conservancy invites you to join us for the Wild & Scenic Film Festival. Enjoy an evening of short films about environmental stewardship, adventure, and fellowship in the natural world at the Bellows Falls Opera House. The Wild & Scenic Film Festival at the Bellows Falls Opera House Hosted by the Connecticut River Conservancy on May 8th, 2025 Enjoy an evening of short films about environmental stewardship, adventure, and fellowship in the natural world at the Bellows Falls Opera House in Vermont on Thursday, May 8th. Festival-goers can expect family-friendly films handpicked by CRC and featuring people working around the globe to promote cleaner water, healthier habitats, and more resilient communities. Tickets can be purchased in advance or at the door. There will also be refreshments, raffle prizes, and guest speakers! Proceeds from the event will benefit CRC’s programs in VT & NH. Raffle prizes have been generously donated by: Blake Hill Preserves, Brattleboro Museum & Art Center, Burrows Sports, Byway Books, and King Arthur Baking Company. Bellows Falls Opera House 7 Village Square, Bellows Falls, VT 05101 Doors will open at 6:30pm and films will begin at 7pm Here are some of the films you'll see! Mother River Devin pursues her dream to become the first Black woman to kayak the entire Mississippi River, listening to the river and following her guidance to navigate challenges such as the realities of being a minority in the paddling community and the nuances of being a single Mother. Reconnected Subtitle: Restoring the Rivers of Long Island Sound. This film highlights the importance of stream barrier removal through interviews with community members, environmental experts (including CRC), & river advocates. Rivers Cannot Defend Themselves 30 Years ago, the Farmington River became the first partnership wild and scenic river, setting a new precedent and path for rivers to be protected. David Sinish, one of the principal activists who led the fight, looks back at the events that made this unique designation possible. Judy’s Creek Subtitle: Discovering the Secret Life of the Streambed. Follow ecologist, educator, and author, Dr. Judy Li, into the world of caddisflies. Judy shares how her childhood curiosity led to a career in freshwater science, and how she has found ways to share the joys of science with audiences of all ages. Paddle Tribal Waters When the largest dam removal project in history begins, a group of indigenous youth learns to whitewater kayak, hoping to become the first people to paddle the restored Klamath River from source to sea. Healing Hiłsyaqƛis Hiłsyaqƛis (Tranquil Creek) is located within the traditional territory of the ƛaʔuukʷiʔatḥ (Tla‐o‐qui‐aht) First Nation in Clayoquot Sound, British Columbia. A desire to understand sharp declines in wild Pacific salmonoids sparked research, monitoring, and habitat restoration in hopes of helping wild fish populations recover. Mussel Grubbing Subtitle: A Citizen Science Treasure Hunt. Following a citizen scientist's journey of discovery, the film explores the treasure hunt for freshwater mussels in the upper Sangamon River. Finding a diverse collection of healthy mussels means a healthy river and a healthy community. On, In & Under the Sava Armed with a raft, snorkels, and flippers, this film follows the journey of four friends as they drift down Slovenia’s Sava River with one mission: find the elusive finned-monsters that dwell in the deep to help protect the river from dams. River Cowboys: Keepin’ it Wild This short film showcases the stunning landscapes of the internationally recognized Red River Gorge, and Kentucky’s only Wild & Scenic Red River. It highlights an ongoing environmental challenge: removing trash from our waterways. Get Your Tickets! Special Thanks to our Local Sponsors Presenting Sponsors: Watershed Sponsor: River Sponsors: GPI Construction The Richards Group Terrigenous Landscape Architecture Vermont River Conservancy Windmill Hill Pinnacle Association Stream Sponsors: Bobolink Communications Brattleboro Area Realty Brattleboro Communiy Television Bonnyvale Environmental Education Center Connecticut River Valley Chapter of Trout Unlimited Vermont Country Deli Interested in sponsoring this event? We'd love to add your business to the list above! See our sponsorship opportunities and get in touch today. Become a Sponsor Parking & Accessibility The Bellows Falls Opera House is ADA accessible. The wheelchair ramp into the building is on the side, not through the main doors out front. Once in the theater, there is seating available that is wheelchair accessible. Aisles in the theater are long ramps. Bathrooms are gendered & have wheelchair accessible stalls. There is some street parking directly outside of the Bellows Falls Opera House. You can also find plenty of free parking in nearby municipal lots. Here is an area map with parking options.

The Connecticut River Conservancy restores and advocates for clean water, healthy habitats, and resilient communities to support a diverse and thriving watershed. Annual Report Below is an interactive version of the Connecticut River Conservancy's 2024 Annual Report. You can click on the bracketed square on the lower right to expand, read, and zoom in. There is also a link to the PDF version. Connecticut River Conservancy's 2024 Annual Report (PDF) Impact Summary 2024 was a remarkable year of growth for the Connecticut River Conservancy, and our first full year with new Executive Director, Rebecca Todd. CRC welcomed highly experienced new Board of Trustees members, expanded the full time staff, and advanced a range of programmatic initiatives to further a mission of stewardship throughout the Connecticut River watershed. Here are just a few accomplishments from the year, with much more information in the report above. 4 Outdated dams & culverts removed 7,331 Trees planted in the watershed 216 Sites tested for water quality 174K Water chestnut plants removed 78K Lbs. (39 tons) of trash removed from rivers CRC's Staff & Board From the northern forests of New Hampshire to the sandy shores of Long Island Sound, the Connecticut River unites a vast and passionate community. CRC stands for all who cherish these waters—whether you cast a line, paddle a boat, skip a stone, or simply enjoy the river’s beauty. Your support fuels the protection, stewardship, and restoration of New England’s largest watershed, ensuring a thriving, resilient river for generations to come. Thank you for making this work possible! Thank You! Thanks to all the member households who were part of CRC in 2024. We are very grateful! ▲ Campaign for Our Rivers gift * Sustaining Members + Headwaters Leadership Society Members (supporters who contribute $1,000 or more annually to the annual fund) Scroll below to see everyone, or jump to one of these groups: Annual Fund Donors Sponsors Business & Organizational Supporters In Kind Supporters & Towns Long River Society Deerfield River Watershed Association Fort River Watershed Association To request a change or removal of your listed name(s), please contact Nicole at nreigle@ctriver.org . Annual Fund Donors Anonymous (90)+ Susan Abbot Gail Abbott Peter Abdu Dr. Hayat Abuza Richard and Judith Abuza Ron Ackerman and Cleo Gorman Anna Adachi-Meji Drew Adam and Marcia Olander Douglas Adams Francis Adams Vanessa Adel Jon Adolph Helen M. Aiello Steve Aikenhead Kate Albrecht Elisabeth Alden Stephen Alden Lynn Alexander Mark and K.C. Alexander Gregory Allen Harvey D. 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Berkley & Veller Greenwood Country Realtors Beyond Green Construction Brattleboro Area Realty Brattleboro Food Co-op Brattleboro Savings & Loan Chroma Technology Community Foundation of Middlesex County Connecticut River Gateway Commission Deborah George Development Enterprise Mobility Foundation Eversource Energy Florence Savings Bank Fuss & O'Neill Great River Hydro, LLC Greenfield Savings Bank GZA GeoEnvironmental, Inc. Hartford Foundation for Public Giving Hypertherm Associates HOPE Foundation Integrated Solar Inter-Fluve, Inc. Jamrog HVAC King Arthur Baking Company Packaging Corporation of America Prentiss Smith & Co Rare Forms, Inc. Reed & Reed Reynolds' Boats and Reynolds' Subaru Savings Bank of Walpole SLR Stone Environmental SWCA Environmental Consultants The Richards Group The Walker Group USA Waste & Recycling Walmart (Hadley, MA) Walmart (Northampton, MA) Business & Organizational Supporters AFI Furnishings Agawam Eye Associates, Inc. Agawam, MA Junior High School Conservation Club Agilent Aquarion Water Company+ Baystate Village Association Berkshire Blanket & Home Co.+ Biohabitats, Inc. Broadside Bookshop, Inc. Bulkley, Richardson and Gelinas, LLP Charles Pratt & Company, LLC+ Chester Land Trust Connecticut River Valley Chapter of Trout Unlimited Cooley Gallery Environmental Incentives+ First Congregational Church of Westfield, MA First Universalist Society of Hartland, VT Fuss & O'Neill Garden Club of Orange, CT Granite Value Capital, LLC Great Meadows Conservation Trust Greater Northfield Watershed Association Greater Upper Valley Chapter of Trout Unlimited Green Mountain Power Corporation Griswold, CT Middle School Student Council Hala Gear Hartford Power Squadron Hook & Arrow Hot Sauce Horst Engineering & Mfg. Co. John Desmond Builders Inc. Jones Whitsett Architects Lake Warren, NH Preservation Association Laudable Productions LLC+ League of Women Voters of Amherst, MA Massachusetts Rivers Alliance National Society Colonial Daughters of the 17th Century, CT River Colony Chapter New Belgium Brewing Company Northampton Community Rowing+ Penn Game Studios Pioneer Valley Yacht Club, Inc. Rare Forms, Inc. + Redcliffe Canoe Club Reed Hilderbrand LLC Rock River Preservation, Inc. Saint-Gaudens Memorial Shelburne Falls Coffee Roasters Stave Puzzles, Inc. The Natural High Running Company+ The Walker Group+ Town of East Windsor, CT Unitarian Universalist Society of Amherst In-Kind Supporters & Towns Agawam Department of Public Works Allen Brothers Farms Big Y (Greenfield, MA) BJ's Wholesale Club (Greenfield, MA) Casella Transfer Station Holyoke Catalpa Coffee Granite Outdoor Alliance James Plumbing & Heating Co. 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Support the Connecticut River by making a contribution for clean water, healthy habitats, and resilient communities. Please use the form below to make your contribution. Other Ways to Give Donate by Mail Please mail your check, made out to Connecticut River Conservancy, to: 15 Bank Row, Greenfield, MA 01301 Donate by Phone To donate by phone or to get assistance with your donation, please contact us at 413-772-2020 More Ways to Give Learn about legacy and workplace giving, sponsorships, stock donations and more with more ways to give. For questions about making your gift to support Connecticut River Conservancy, contact Brett at bmorrison - at - ctriver.org or call 413.772.2020 x218.

The Connecticut River Conservancy restores and advocates for clean water, healthy habitats, and resilient communities to support a diverse and thriving watershed. Hydrilla Hydrilla is an aquatic plant that has earned the title of “world’s worst invasive aquatic plant.” It is listed as a federal noxious weed and can rapidly infest rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds. The Connecticut River hydrilla is genetically distinct from other known hydrilla strains and research on this very invasive plant is ongoing. CRC is collaborating with partners to develop new strategies and increase community awareness to reduce the spread of this harmful plant in our watershed. Read On, or Click Below to Jump to a Specific Section What is hydrilla? How hydrilla spreads How hydrilla is being managed Hydrilla resources and reports What you can do to reduce the spread Hydrilla in the Connecticut River Watershed What is Hydrilla? Hydrilla (hydrilla verticillata) is an invasive aquatic species that was first identified in the Connecticut River in 2016 in Glastonbury, CT. Three years later, 2019 and 2020, the Connecticut Agriculture Experiment Station (CAES) surveyed the Connecticut River from Agawam, MA to the Long Island Sound, reporting at least 774 acres of hydrilla. See CAES map of invasive plants here . In 2023, the Connecticut River strain was documented in several lakes and ponds in both Connecticut and Massachusetts, which indicates that it continues to spread. Hydrilla can outcompete native species and, as a result, replace habitat for sensitive species, including migratory fish. In recent years, thick mats of hydrilla have crowded out boaters, anglers and those who come to recreate on the Connecticut River. Marinas and municipalities have reported that they can no longer access boat slips and docks due to the severity of the hydrilla infestations, limiting business opportunity. How Hydrilla Spreads Hydrilla propagates through fragmentation, meaning that when it breaks apart, fragments of the plant may float downriver and re-root, creating another mat of hydrilla at a new location. The hydrilla in the Connecticut River is different than any other species of hydrilla found. It does not have tubers on the roots of the plant, as is usual for hydrilla. Because hydrilla spreads through fragmentation, when paddlers, boaters and wildlife become entangled in hydrilla, they can spread the plant to reaches downriver. Additionally, when boaters move from water body to waterbody, hydrilla fragments can remain in or on the vessel and be introduced to new waterbodies that way. Once in a new location, this invasive species repopulates itself rapidly and with strength. What You Can You Do To Reduce the Spread of Hydrilla The first step to slowing the spread of hydrilla is to share this page with friends, family and neighbors who visit the river. When you see hydrilla in the river, avoid the infestation as much as possible so that it does not further fragment and spread. If you see hydrilla north of Agawam, MA, or in a lake or pond, be sure to report it to CRC at the contact information below, or the appropriate state agency. Finally, as you travel between water bodies, it is imperative that everyone cleans, drains and then dries their boats – this applies to kayaks, canoes, jet skis, power boats and trailers. As the age old saying goes — “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” CLEAN, DRAIN, and DRY your boat as it travels between different water bodies Hydrilla spreads by fragmentation, and can easily be moved to new waters by hitching a ride on unsuspecting boats. To reduce the risk of spread, be sure to inspect and clean your boat. How the Spread of Hydrilla is Being Addressed Connecticut River Conservancy has been working with municipalities, nonprofit groups, government agencies, businesses, boaters and individuals to address the threat of hydrilla. A group of stakeholders has collaboratively written a 5 Year Management Plan to be updated on an annual basis with appropriate modifications. To learn more about the collaboration around hydrilla, watch this short documentary. An Executive Summary of the 12-Town Environmental Review Team Report conducted by Connecticut Resource Conservation & Development can be found here . Hydrilla Resources Public Information Statement by Connecticut River Partners 5 Year Hydrilla Management Plan Benthic Mat use for Hydrilla Suppression – Report New York Times article about Hydrilla in the Connecticut River U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Field Demonstration website Hydrilla Storymap from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Connecticut River Conservancy's Hydrilla History For questions related to CRC’s hydrilla management program, contact Rhea at kbeerman - at- ctriver.org. Hydrilla management is not currently accepting volunteers, but if you're interested in helping to remove aquatic invasive species visit our water chestnut page or contact volunteer - at - ctriver.org .

The Connecticut River Conservancy restores and advocates for clean water, healthy habitats, and resilient communities to support a diverse and thriving watershed. Aquatic Invasive Species Aquatic invasive species in the Connecticut River watershed can cause significant harm to local plants, animals, and ecosystems. Their aggressive growth and spread can lower biodiversity by reducing the availability of natural resources for beneficial native species and negatively impact recreational opportunities in rivers, lakes, and ponds. Water Chestnut and Hydrilla are the two aquatic invasive species that CRC focuses on managing through community science and regional coalitions. Water Chestnut The water chestnut is a rooted, floating aquatic plant. It is an annual plant that is not native to the United States and is categorized as an invasive species in the Connecticut River watershed. It is fast growing and quickly reproducing. If left unattended it will easily cover an entire waterbody. Water chestnut infestations have been found in most of the watershed – in NH, VT, MA, and CT – that the Connecticut River travels through. Click below to learn more about the origins of water chestnut and removal efforts along the Connecticut River. All About Water Chestnut Hydrilla Hydrilla (hydrilla verticillata) is an aquatic invasive species that was first identified in the Connecticut River in 2016 in Glastonbury, CT. Scientists discovered that the Connecticut River strain of hydrilla is genetically distinct from all other hydrilla. Since then, the Connecticut Agriculture Experiment Station (CAES) surveyed the Connecticut River from Agawam, MA to the Long Island Sound, reporting at least 774 acres of hydrilla. In 2023, the Connecticut River strain was documented in several lakes and ponds in both Connecticut and Massachusetts, which indicates that it continues to spread. Hydrilla can outcompete native species and replace habitat for sensitive species, including migratory fish . In recent years, thick mats of hydrilla have crowded out boaters, anglers and those who come to recreate on the Connecticut River. All About Hydrilla Human activity has been linked to the spread of aquatic invasive species. Boats that aren’t properly washed and dried can carry invasive species from one water body to another. It’s easy to help prevent the spread of these species by following three easy steps: CLEAN Clean off visible aquatic plants, animals, and mud from all equipment before leaving water access. DRAIN Drain motor, bilge, livewell, and other water containing devices before leaving water access. DRY Dry everything for at least five days OR wipe with a towel before reuse. Preventing the spread of aquatic invasive species starts with all of us. It’s an easy process that can help protect the important ecosystems of our watershed and keep our waterways clear for recreation for years to come. Learn more about how to stop aquatic hitchhikers. As another resource, the Connecticut River Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES) has recently launched the new CT AIS Web App , where you can find information about aquatic invasive species threatening Connecticut’s freshwater systems. The web application is in a beta phase and over the next few months they will make improvements as needed and upload additional data to the Survey Data page (i.e., water quality data, transect data, plant collection data, 2004-2010 survey data, and invasive species survey data). Please use the form on the “Report AIS & Update Database” page to provide feedback and submit updated waterbody information. Volunteer for Invasive Species Removal and Monitoring Water chestnut can easily be identified and managed by trained volunteers pulling the plants from kayaks and canoes. CRC and partners organize weekly water chestnut pulls across the watershed! Plus, it’s a great opportunity to get on the water and have some fun… all for a good cause! Pulling events are part of a multi-organizational collaboration united in the goal of removing this invasive plant from all parts of the Connecticut River watershed. If you attend an organized pull, we will provide supplies and instruction on how to pull the plants. It’s easy to do, but the technique is important. You are welcome to bring your own boat, or borrow one of our foldable kayaks. While this is generally a paddle event, shallow motorboats, such as Jon boats, are helpful to shuttle loads of plants back to land. Our volunteer events run from June through August. Click here to find upcoming volunteer opportunities and sign up for our newsletter to get notifications for upcoming pulls! Want to get involved with hydrilla work? CRC also organizes quarterly hydrilla stakeholder meetings – if you are interested in attending, reach out to Rhea at kbeerman - at - ctriver.org. It's a messy job, but somebody's got to do it! Thanks to our incredible volunteers who help with water chestnut pulls. Our Volunteers in Action Special Thanks to Our Partners Aquatic invasive species in the Connecticut River watershed have long been a priority for organizations, groups, and individuals throughout the region. We are incredibly grateful to CRC’s network of partners and funders that help to collectively address the challenge of aquatic invasive species in our waters. Athletic Brewing Company Capitol Region Council of Governments Chicopee4Rivers City of East Hartford City of Middletown Community Foundation of Middlesex County - Janvrin Fund Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Eightmile River Wild & Scenic Watershed Farmington River Watershed Association Friends of Whalebone Cove Hartford Foundation for Public Giving, Sestero Fund Jonah Center for Earth and Art Laurie Callahan Lower Connecticut River Valley Council of Governments MA Department of Conservation and Recreation NH DES Aquatic Invasives Species Program NH EAWSC Northeast Aquatic Nuisance Species Panel Office of Aquatic Invasive Species Robert F. Schumann Foundation Town of Glastonbury US Army Corps of Engineers US Fish and Wildlife Service VT AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES (AIS) PREVENTION, MANAGEMENT, AND REGULATION Windham County Natural Resources Conservation District For questions related to CRC’s Aquatic Invasive Species work, or to connect about volunteering, contact us at volunteer - at - ctriver.org or 413.772.2020 x207.

The Connecticut River Conservancy restores and advocates for clean water, healthy habitats, and resilient communities to support a diverse and thriving watershed. Migratory Fish Migratory fish are essential to healthy river ecosystems. The Connecticut River hosts 8 species of migratory fish that travel thousands of ocean miles and over 200 miles upriver annually. These include alewives, American eels, Atlantic salmon, American striped bass, blueback herring, sea lampreys, and shortnose sturgeon. CRC's migratory fish restoration efforts include advocating for and expanding fish passage and raising awareness to our work through community science and education. Migratory Fish Data Research and education about migratory fish in the Connecticut River help scientists and the public understand how to best support thriving biodiversity. That’s why we work with conservation partners to bring you a dedicated website full of resources. Community Science Events Counting fish and nests, and rescuing some species from drained canals, requires dedicated volunteers! We offer dozens of engaging community science events annually, which typically run from April to July. Dam Removal Dams are the most significant obstacle to fish passage in the Connecticut River, which is why we collaborate with partners and landowners throughout the watershed to safely remove old dams and restore healthy habitats. Migratoryfish.org Volunteer Events Learn About Dams Angler Surveys Angler surveys empower individuals to contribute valuable fishing data, informing researchers and becoming stewards of the rivers through their recreation. Thanks to these surveys, CRC connects the fishing community to conservationists, for a common goal of restoring migratory fish to the Connecticut River. Sea Lamprey Nest Surveys Thanks to Our Partners Migratory fish travel between freshwater and saltwater throughout their lifecycle to reach the habitat that best suits their needs for spawning, feeding, and finding shelter. The Problem: Dams and industrial practices have blocked spawning habitat and decimated migratory fish populations. Flows at main stem hydro-electric dams and canals, industrial pollution, and heated plant discharges into the river make this situation worse. Determined action is needed if the Connecticut River’s fish runs are to survive. The Solution: Require safe and effective fish passage at dams. Remove any deadbeat dams that no longer serve a purpose. Improve passage in tributaries to increase available spawning habitat. Discontinue any recent industrial practices that may be injuring migratory fish runs. Perform adequate research before making changes to main stem discharges and flow regimes to prove they will do no harm. All fish are mobile, but none on the Connecticut River make longer journeys than the suite of migratory fish moving upriver from the Atlantic Ocean: blueback herring, alewives, stripped bass, American shad, American eels, Atlantic salmon, shortnose sturgeon, and sea lampreys. These migrations have been taking place for thousands of years. The journeys of these species may take them through thousands of ocean miles annually, and nearly 200 miles upriver. Anadromous Fish Shad, lamprey, salmon, striped bass, blueback herring and alewives are anadromous fish. They are born in freshwater, swim to the sea to feed and mature, then return to the rivers of their birth to spawn. Though some members of each species die after spawning, only the sea lamprey spawns as the final act in their long-life cycle. All other species may survive, return to the ocean, and then return to the river to spawn again. Catadromous Fish American eels are different. They are a catadromous species; born in the ocean, they travel to rivers and estuaries to feed and grow. After years of feeding and maturing in the Connecticut River watershed, American eels head back to the Sargasso Sea, a weed-covered expanse in the Caribbean, where they were born, to spawn along that sprawling sargassum algae mat near their counterparts, European eels. This seaweed expanse has also been found to be the protective ocean habitat that young loggerhead sea turtles journey to after hatching on sandy shores and skittering into the sea. Main stem and tributary dams are among the major, human-induced contributors to declining migratory fish populations on the Connecticut River. Fish passage facilities are in place at most main stem dams. However, changes in operations and discharges at main stem structures, and failing fish passage facilities, further impact surviving fish runs. In addition, thousands of poorly designed road crossings over streams block fish from reaching their available habitat. Culverts at these locations need to be replaced with fish-friendly structures. Critical fish passage and dam-removal work is also taking place on many tributaries and is in the works for others. We have successfully helped create fish passage, restore habitat and remove unneeded dams at dozens of watershed sites. In doing so, we’ve opened 424 miles of migratory fish habitat since 2014. The once prolific runs of American shad, blueback herring, alewives, and Atlantic salmon have been dramatically reduced over the centuries. Today, runs are a small fraction of their historic numbers. These species play an important role in a healthy river and marine ecosystem. Download Fish Facts Explore the New Migratory Fish Website! MigratoryFish.org was developed by CRC and partners to share information about fish migration in the Connecticut River. You can browse the embedded website below, or open the website in a new browser window. For questions about migratory fish or community science volunteering, contact us at volunteer - at - ctriver.org or call 413.772.2020 x207.

rodonnell at ctriver.org 413-772-2020 ext. 217 He/Him < Back Ryan O'Donnell Monitoring Program Manager Ryan first joined the CRC team in 2013 as a lab tech in the Greenfield Water Quality Lab. He has coordinated volunteer water quality monitoring programs throughout the Connecticut River watershed since 2015. He is especially focused on using volunteer monitoring programs to bridge knowledge gaps and build coalitions where watersheds cross political boundaries. Before coming to CRC, Ryan taught science and music to students of all ages. Ryan holds an M.S. in Sustainability Sciences and a B.S. in Geology from the University of Massachusetts Amherst and a B.A. in Classical Guitar Performance from Virginia Commonwealth University. He lives with his husband where they raise chickens, garden, make music, and hold events for the local Jewish community on their western Massachusetts homestead. rodonnell at ctriver.org 413-772-2020 ext. 217 Our Mission Get to Know Our Mission, Vision, & Values Upcoming Events Register to Learn & Connect Get Involved Volunteer, Participate, or Donate

Support the Connecticut River by making a contribution for clean water, healthy habitats, and resilient communities. DOUBLE Your Impact! Make your fall gift by Nov. 17th to help earn the full $60,000 challenge Challenge donors have generously agreed to extend their MATCH until 11/17 to give the community more time to earn the full $60,000 Upper Valley Challenge. Join this opportunity for your generosity to do twice as much with CRC. Donate before 11:59PM on 11/17/2024 to DOUBLE your impact for clean water, healthy habitat, and resilient communities. Other Ways to Give Donate by Mail Please mail your check, made out to Connecticut River Conservancy, to: 15 Bank Row, Greenfield, MA 01301 Donate by Phone To donate by phone or to get assistance with your donation, please contact us at 413-772-2020 More Ways to Give Learn about legacy and workplace giving, sponsorships, stock donations and more with more ways to give. For questions about making your gift to support Connecticut River Conservancy, contact Brett at bmorrison - at - ctriver.org or call 413.772.2020 x218.

The Connecticut River Conservancy restores and advocates for clean water, healthy habitats, and resilient communities to support a diverse and thriving watershed. Finance & Policies Financial Statements Fiscal year ending June 30th, 2024 Audited Financial Statement IRS Form 990 2023 - IRS Form 990 and Financial Statement 2022 - IRS Form 990 and Financial Statement Policies Easement Monitoring & Enforcement Policy Affirmative Action Plan Non-Discrimination Policy By Laws Fiscal Sponsorship Policy Sexual Harassment Policy Delegation of Signature Authority to E.D. CRC Investment Policy Statement Sick & Medical Leave Policy CRC Endowment Spending Policy Whistleblower Policy Document Management & WISP Policy Gift Acceptance Policy Procurement policy (Executive Director issued) 2024 Annual Report 2023 Restoration Summary 2022 Annual Report for Programs Our Mission Get to Know Our Mission, Vision, & Values Upcoming Events Register to Learn & Connect Get Involved Volunteer, Participate, or Donate

amajor at ctriver.org 413-253-6855 She/They < Back Amanda Major Outreach & Events Coordinator Amanda joined CRC as the Outreach and Events Coordinator in 2024. She brings an enthusiasm for community-building and social change. Prior to working at CRC, Amanda's role was an outdoor educator, teaching kayaking and canoeing on the Deerfield River. During this time, she developed a deep gratitude and connection to nature along with a love for the rivers and forests of Western Massachusetts. With a background in reproductive justice and leadership development, Amanda is driven by the intersection of health, social change, and the power of gathering. She is particularly intrigued by the whats and whys behind our moments of connection. Amanda believes in the transformative power of community and strives to build spaces where everyone feels a sense of belonging. Amanda holds both a BA and MA in International Development and Social Change from Clark University. In her free time, she enjoys paddling and participating any and all aquatic activities. amajor at ctriver.org 413-253-6855 Our Mission Get to Know Our Mission, Vision, & Values Upcoming Events Register to Learn & Connect Get Involved Volunteer, Participate, or Donate